Microbiome, Probiotics & Gut Nutrition

Role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and caries (Oral Microbiome)

There is an increasing evidence to suggest that both caries and periodontal disease represent dysbiotic states of the oral Microbiome, The human oral Microbiome currently comprises 600–700 taxa, but estimates suggest that overall species numbers may turn out to be higher. Within the oral cavity, groups of microbial species become arranged into surface‐localized communities that vary considerably in the the composition according to sites of the establishment. Factors such as nutrient availability, pH, toxic metabolites, shear forces and host conditions contribute to modeling the structure and activities of these oral microbial communities. A repertoire of stable dysbiotic states may occur in both caries and periodontitis involving different microbial community structures with potentially similar functional properties. The mode of acquisition of oral microbial communities may be less passive than previously recognized but once established remains relatively stable within an individual although there are very significant site variations, a number of issues pertinent to the community organization and functional activity of the bacterial populations resident on supra‐ and sub gingival tooth surface and the influence of these populations on disease.