- Probiotics and Prebiotics
Location: 18
Session Introduction
Ghani Israr
Shanxi University, China
Title: Polyphenols from Foxtail Millet Improve Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Intestinal Microbiome in Mice
Biography:
Ghani Israr basically from Pakistan, is a PhD candidate in microbiology at Shanxi University China. He Chinese Government Scholarship holder. Currently, 2nd year and working on the Gut microbiome. Recently he published an article on the Gut bacteriome of NAFLD and further explored the fungal microbiome and fungus as prebiotic treatment for NAFLD. In the future, he is interested in a Postdoctoral position
Abstract:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic hepatic manifestation of metabolic dysfunction for which effective interventions are lacking. The burden of NAFLD is increasing at an alarming rate, affecting billions of people worldwide. NAFLD is frequently associated with morbidities such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus obesity, etc. The current study explored the potential role of bound polyphenols from foxtail millet (BPIS) in treating mice with NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results indicated the critical role of BPIS in treating NAFLD by effectively restoring the gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice that received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. At the same time, 16S rRNA analysis demonstrated that BPIS remodeled the overall structure of the gut microbiota from fatty liver diseases towards that of normal counterparts, including ten phylum and twenty genus levels. Further study found that the expression of tight junction proteins was upregulated in the BPIS-treated group. This study provides new insights into the potential NAFLD protective effects induced by polyphenols of foxtail millet.
- Gut Micro biota
Location: 15
Session Introduction
Manijeh Yousefi Behzadi
Pasteur Institute of Iran
Title: Metagenomics Characterization of Ixodes ricinus Intestinal Microbiota as Major Vector of Tick-Borne Diseases in Domestic Animals
Biography:
This is Dr. Manijeh Yousefi Behzadi, researcher at the Pasteur Institute of Iran, part of the networks of Pasteur institutes around the world. I am very interested in the gut microbiota of ticks and their role in maintaining the pathogenicity of pathogenic microorganisms in nature. I ‘m in charge of fundamental research at department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran, national reference laboratory for plague, tularemia and Q fever, and also at the Research Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar-Ahang, Hamadan, Iran.
Abstract:
Background: Understanding the microbiota of disease vectors can help for developing new strategies to prevent the transmission of vector pathogens. Ixodes ricinus is one of the most notorious tick vectors with increasing importance in Iran and other parts of the world while there is limited data on its microbiota. This study aimed to use metagenomics for identifying the I. ricinus tick’s microbiota of Iran.
Methods: A total of 39 adult ticks were collected from Mazandaran (21 females), Gilan (17 females), and Golestan (1 male). Five tick pools prepared from 39 adults of I. ricinus were subjected to metagenomics analysis. The data were analyzed by targeting the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene by Illumina 4000 Hiseq sequencing.
Results: Among hundreds of intestinal microbiota identified by metagenomics, various pathogenic microorganisms distributed in 30 genera and species including those responsible for tick-borne diseases resided in the genera Coxiella, Rickettsia, and Burkholderia were found.
Conclusion: Our results indicated that metagenomics identifies bacteria genera and species which cannot be easily rec-ognized by routine methods. The presence of such pathogenic bacteria indicates the importance of possible zoonotic diseases in this region which could affect public health. These results further substantiate the importance of advanced metagenomics analyses to identify neglected tick-borne pathogens which enable researchers to provide efficient map-ping roads for the management of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
Pratibha Gurung
UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIVERSITY, USA
Title: Characterization of liaX in Enterococcus faecalis lysozyme resistance and biofilm formation
Biography:
Pratibha Gurung is student in Uniformed Services University, USA
Abstract:
Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive bacteria inhabiting the human gut, poses a formidable challenge as an opportunistic pathogen due to its capacity to develop antimicrobial resistance and form biofilms. Overcoming the host immune response, including lysozyme-induced killing, is a critical aspect of its pathogenicity. E. faecalis cells become more susceptible to lysozyme when the gene encoding the site 2 membrane metalloprotease Eep is disrupted. LiaX, a protein with adhesin and antimicrobial sensing properties, is a key component of the LiaFSR system responsible for sensing and responding to environmental stressors. We found that deletion of liaX in the Δeep background represses the loss of eep-dependent lysozyme resistance, implicating that liaX contributes to the conferral of lysozyme resistance. We hypothesize that deletion of liaX in the Δeep background restores lysozyme resistance by remodeling the cell membrane and modifying cell surface net charge. In support of this hypothesis, the Δeep ΔliaX strain has increased sensitivity to membrane-targeting detergents and the cationic antimicrobial polymyxin B. Understanding the mechanisms of lysozyme resistance and biofilm formation is important for developing targeted strategies against E. faecalis infections. The identification of liaX as a pivotal player in these processes opens up novel avenues for interventions, such as disrupting biofilm formation and mitigating antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, recent studies showing the conservation and functional significance of liaX across different bacterial pathogens highlights the potential application of our research in understanding antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and designing targeted therapies in other bacteria as well.
Pamela Genereux
Laval University, Canada
Title: Evaluation of the antimicrobial and prebiotic effects of algae sulfated polysaccharide hydrolysates (Porphyra sp.)
Biography:
Pamela Généreux, BSc. is currently pursuing a master’s degree at Laval University in Food Sciences and Technology under the direction of Pr. Lucie Beaulieu and the codirection of Pr. Yves Desjardins. She has a bachelor in biochemistry and has training in microbiology working for the Institute of nutraceuticals and functional foods (INAF).
Abstract:
Porphyra sp. (Nori) is a red macroalga mainly composed of porhyran, a bioactive sulfated polysaccharide. Studies on monoand oligosaccharides derived from porphyran hydrolysis have demonstrated that their beneficial properties could be improved. However, the antimicrobial properties and their effects on gastrointestinal health as a prebiotic remains poorly documented. This study focuses on the production of porphyran hydrolysates extracted in Atlantic Nori (Océan de Saveurs) with potential biological activities for health (antimicrobial and prebiotic effects) thanks to two specific enzymes discovered by Roscoff Biological Station (RBS). Porphyran hydrolysis were performed with β-agarase and β-porphyranase. To characterize the hydrolysates, the determination of reducing and total sugars as well as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were carried out. The antimicrobial capacity against various microbes was tested by well diffusion. The prebiotic potential was evaluated by micro fermentations of the different hydrolysates at different doses and with the multicompartment dynamic simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME). The porphyran hydrolysis using β-agarase generated oligosaccharides of smaller sizes compared to the one using β-porphyranase. Additionally, no antimicrobial effect was obtained with the hydrolysates. As a prebiotic, no significative results were noted for the hydrolysates using the micro fermentations. On the other hand, in SHIME, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) analysis showed that the hydrolysates obtained with β-porphyranase caused an increase in the propionate ratio and a modulation of the butyric ratio in the two intestinal regions tested for the two donors. Finally, these observations suggest that a porphyran hydrolysate could modulate the intestinal microbiota by increasing the production of propionate, a metabolite associated with the reduction of obesity
- The role of the Microbiome in cancer development and therapy
Location: 9
Session Introduction
Sultan Gul
Technical University, Turkey
Title: Production and In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Nanoformulations of Metabolites Produced by Bacteria Belonging to the Soil Microbiome of Turkey for Use in Cancer Treatment
Biography:
Sultan Gul graduated from Necmettin Erbakan University with a degree in Molecular Biology and Genetics in 2017. She continued her academic journey with a master's degree in Medical Biology and Genetics at Medipol University. During this time, she participated in several projects as a TÜBİTAK project grantee and completed her master's degree in November 2021 at Istanbul Medipol University. Her thesis focused on "Microbiome Changes during Axolotl Limb Regeneration" and resulted in a related publication. Currently pursuing a master's degree in Biotechnology at Yıldız Technical University, Sultan Gül has been leading the TÜBİTAK 1512 project titled "Plant Growth Regulators Containing Metabolites Produced by Beneficial Microorganisms (Antibiotics, Hormones, and Plant Nutrients)" since 2023. She is also the founder and CEO of Microhobist Biotechnology, actively involved in patenting the product MHOne developed under the company’s auspices.
Abstract:
Cancer is a group of diseases that is known as the second most common cause of death worldwide and has psychological and psycho-social effects on society. Significant advances have been made in cancer treatment over the past century. However, commonly used traditional treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have various side effects and significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. In addition, due to the difficulties experienced in the treatment of some tumor types, disease recurrence, high treatment costs and difficulties in accessing medicine, researchers have been directed to search for new treatments. In this context, it is known that actinobacteria, the most researched among prokaryotes, produce promising secondary metabolites for cancer treatment. On the other hand, secondary metabolites obtained from microorganisms and used in cancer treatment (e.g. doxorubicin) have significant side effects due to lack of targeting. In this context, integrating relevant metabolites with drug carrier systems is an effective method that can be used to eliminate treatment-related problems. In this context, within the scope of our project, the isolation of actinobacteria from soils taken from two different geographical regions of our country, the Black Sea and Central Anatolia, and their identification with the 16 S method will be carried out. Then, secondary metabolites will be obtained and purified from the isolated Actinobacter strains and their in vitro effectiveness on common cancer types such as breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma and colorectal cancer will be determined, respectively (MCF-7), (A549), (B16F0) and (CaCo-2). ) will be investigated on cell lines. In addition, PLGA nanoformulations loaded with the obtained metabolite extracts will be produced and their effectiveness as a drug carrier system with controlled release system will be evaluated in vitro.
- Microbiome
Location: 1
Session Introduction
Asia A. M. Saadullah
University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region-iraq
Title: Antibacterial activity of Ganoderma lucidum against some from Different Clinical Samples in Duhok City/ Iraq
Biography:
Asia A. M. Saadullah University of Duhok, college of science, Biology department in iraq.
Abstract:
Abstract: Ganoderma lucidum mushroom is very adaptable Since ancient times, polysaccharides and triterpenoids, the two main bioactive components of mushrooms, have been utilized as traditional medicines. They are now utilized as functional foods and nutraceuticals. Antioxidants and antibacterial agents have been replaced by G. lucidum extracts and their bioactive constituents. It is a potential replacement that may be used as an immunomodulatory, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic agent due to its numerous medicinal secondary metabolites. In the current study antimicrobial activities of Ganoderma lucidum were investigated against bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is multi drug resistant.