7^th International Conference on Microbiome, Probiotics & Gut Nutrition November 09-10, 2023 London, UK

Biography:

Dr. Kwon has her expertise in microbial ecology and in uncovering useful and novel microbes from the extreme environments.Dr. Kwon has her expertise in microbial ecology and in uncovering useful and novel microbes from the extreme environments.

Abstract:

The consortium of microorganisms inhabiting the skin, the so-called skin microbiome, is influenced by various factors such as skin conditions, genetics, age, and environment. Even within an individual, the skin microbiome is highly variable across environments. Skin microbiome protects against pathogens as a barrier and actively interacts with the host’s immune system. Some members of the skin microbiome can also act as opportunistic pathogens on the skin. Human-microbe interaction is an important factor in the homeostatic control of skin immunity. For this reason, this study aimed to screen the skin microbiome and assess the supportive effect of plant extracts to develop functional cosmetics using biological resources from Jeju Island. We investigated the skin microbiome based on a culture-dependent approach and evaluated the enhancement of skin probiotics with 51 biological resources to select effective extracts that improve skin troubles. As a result, microbial communities differ between before/after face cleansing. Some species including Gordonia sp., and Dermacoccus profundi only exist in specific skin samples. In particular, Staphylococcus epidermidis is more than 30% before cleansing in aerobic conditions. This bacterium is known to have anti-inflammatory properties and helps to play a role in preventing pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus. Also, the growth of good bacteria such as probiotics and S. epidermidis has increased with the addition of plant extracts. Overall, these results suggest the balance of the skin microbiome is sensitive to change, and plant extracts of Jeju could be considered useful prebiotic ingredients of cosmetic products to support the activity of probiotics, helping the skin barrier function for better recovery and resistance.

Biography:

Dr. Lee is a dedicated researcher who has been exploring the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and various other functionalities of plants in Jeju Island, South Korea. With years of experience in both academia and research institutions, she is leveraging natural substances to develop skincare functional cosmetic materials

Abstract:

Alnus firma Siebold & Zucc. is a species belonging to the family of the Betulaceae and is known to be rich in flavonoids and tannin in its leaves, stems, and fruits. It has been used as a medicinal plant in Korea since ancient times, however, the antibacterial activity of Alnus firma against skin pathogens has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory activity and antimicrobial activity of the extracts of Alnus firma leaves. The extractions of Alnus firma leaves were conducted using hot-water and 95% ethanol as solvents. The anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were evaluated by the inhibition of NO (nitric oxide) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The NO scavenging ability of 95% EtOH extracts was relatively higher than the water extracts. In order to examine whether the Alnus firma leaves extracts can be used as acne improvement materials, antimicrobial tests were conducted on Corynebacterium diphtheria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Cutibacterium acnes. The paper disc method demonstrated that each water and 95% EtOH extract had an antimicrobial effect against these skin pathogens in a concentration dependent manner. In conclusion, these results suggest that the extraction of Alnus firma leaves can be used as a new cosmetic material with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions.

Biography:

Latifa Bousarghin has her expertise in evaluation host/microorganism interactions. She generated a model based on different cells of the intestinal epithelium, including enteroendocrine cells, to study the impact of bacteria disrupted in dysbiosis. Her expertise also in bacteria culture, gene expression analysis contribute to better investigate bacteria found in gut microbiota. Her work aims at identifieng new probiotis or postbiotic for improving healthcare. She has built this model after years of experience in research and teaching in Rennes University (France)

Abstract:

A number of factors can disturb or alter the gut microbiota resulting in dysbiosis. However, the mechanism by which gut bacteria interact with the host leading to disease are still unclear. For a better understanding, an in vitro model including the diversity of cell types present in intestinal epithelium is needed.

In the present study, we have generated a new in vitro model of intestinal epithelium recapitulating the four main intestinal cell types (enterocytes, goblet cells, M cells, and enteroendocrine cells). This multicellular model was stimulated by commensal (R. intestinalis and Bacteroides) and pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella).

Methods: Cultures of R. intestinalis, B. fragilis, or S. Heidelberg in complete DMEM were added to apical side of the multicellular model during 3h. For R. intestinalis, we also investigated if their cell-free supernatants could have an impact on host cells.  

Findings : We have shown that in the presence of bacteria, the expression of IL-8 was more important for S. Heidelberg than R. intestinalis or B. fragilis . It is well known that Salmonella activated IL-8 by its flagellin recognition by TLR5. For endocrine function, we have also a difference between the three bacteria. Only B. fragilis showed a significant increase of GCG expression compared to S. Heidelberg and R. As R. intestinalis and B. fragilis had beneficial effect, we have tested their cell-free supernatant on the quadricellular model. We have evaluated the impact of these supernatant on the integrity of the epithelium. in the presence of R. intestinalis, TEER (intestinal barrier integrity) increased by two-fold after an incubation of 13h. We can speculate when Roseburia and Bacteroides are decreased, their beneficial effect are also decrease

Biography:

Dr. Ahmed Elshennawy has his expertise and interest in improving the health and wellness. His open evaluation studies are based on structural-functional relationship for improving approaches related to healthcare applications. He has built these evaluations after years of experience in research, evaluation, teaching and administration both in hospital and academic faculties. His major concerns are basic medical sciences which in turn being related to clinical application as regards community-based medicine. His integrated research fields include cytology, medical histology, immunohistochemistry, medical genetics, gene editing, molecular biology, reproductive controls and reproductive technology.

Abstract:

Appendicitis is a common medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by inflammation of the appendix. The exact mechanisms that trigger the inflammatory response in appendicitis are not well understood, but it is known that inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in the development and progression of the disease. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of appendicitis. This review article examines the various types of inflammatory mediators involved, including cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins, and discusses their interactions with other cells and molecules in the inflammatory cascade. Our review highlights the complex interplay between inflammatory mediators in the development of appendicitis and their potential implications for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. We discuss the potential for targeted therapies aimed at reducing the production or activity of specific inflammatory mediators, as well as the potential for new diagnostic approaches based on the detection of specific mediators in the blood or other bodily fluids. At the end, the role of inflammatory mediators in appendicitis is an active area of research, and continued investigation is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms involved.

However, the growing understanding of the complex interactions between these molecules offers new opportunities for the development of targeted therapies and diagnostic tools for this common and potentially serious condition

Biography:

Willy DJONKOUH YAMDEU TCHOUKOUAHA, Department of Microbiology of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameron

Abstract:

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal germ of the skin and nostrils of humans and animals [1]. The most virulent species of the genus Staphylococcus, it has emerged as one of the most important human pathogens, and has been a leading cause of hospital and community infections in the last decades. To date, studies have not looked at the distribution of MRSA among their families, pigs and non-breeders. In addition, Cameroon has the largest pig population in Central Africa with an average herd of 2,858,548 heads. Cameroonian pig farmers and their surroundings who are in contact with pig farms are at high risk of developing MRSA infections, or of being healthy carriers that are very effective in disseminating this bacterium in their environment. It is therefore very important to assess the epidemiology and risk factors of MRSA within the herder population and their surroundings, in this study we will limit ourselves to the region of West Cameroon.  

Objective: The spread of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health problem in hospitals and communities worldwide, in Africa in particular. We carried out a cross-sectional and analytical study to evaluate the epidemiology of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in pig breeders and their neighborhood. 

Methodology: Our research was done over a period of 4 months (From 1st January to 15th March then from 1st June to 4th July 2020). A nasal swab was collected from 100 pig breeders, 77 family breeders, 292 pigs and 98 non breeders inhabitants from the Haut-Nkam, HautPlateaux, Nkoung-Khi, Mifi and NDE regions in the West region of Cameroon. Samples were cultured for microbial, biochemical, and susceptibility assays according to AC-FSM (2019).

 Results: The prevalences of MRSA were 25%, 12.59%, 10.62% and 4.08% in breeders, family, pigs and non breeders respectively. Our findings on risk factors showed that pigbreeder promiscuity (OR=1207,35; P=0.01), pig carriage of MRSA (OR=20.17; P=0.00), nonbreeders living near the farm (OR=10.7; P=0.02), pigs from Koung-Khi (OR=6.3; P=0.0031) and antibiotics consumption (OR=1.34; P=0.0001) were statistically significant and associated to MRSA carriage. Interestingly, wearing protective clothing (OR=0.37; P=0.00), boots (OR=

0.36; P=0.006), gloves (OR= 0.34; P=0.0001) or nose patch (OR= 0.33; P=0.00) was a statistically significant protective factor against MRSA carriage. Our findings also showed that fusidic acid was more resistant to MRSA strains from pigs and non-breeders (51.5%; 75% respectively), and ofloxacin was the most potent antibiotic against MRSA strains in breeders and their family (18.5%; 20% respectively).

Conclusion: Our study showed a high prevalence of MRSA within West regions and the existence of MRSA transmission dynamic amongst pigs, breeders and their neighborhood. Further genetic and molecular study are required to elucidate the diversity in MRSA strains and mechanisms of spread.

Biography:

Willy DJONKOUH YAMDEU TCHOUKOUAHA, Department of Microbiology of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameron

Abstract:

Introduction: The overuse of antibiotic prophylaxis during the COVID-19 pandemic would have led to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, thereby increasing the epidemiological burden of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of our work was to show that the prevalence of symptomatic carriage of resistant bacterial strains varied during the year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the years before and after, in 02 referral health facilities in Yaoundé.

Objectives: We conducted a retrospective analytical study over a period of 03 years (from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021) in the bacteriology departments of the Central and General Hospitals of Yaoundé, Cameroon. The review of the services' registers was done to identify the bacterial population isolated respecting the characteristics of the germs pre-selected at the beginning. The relationship that could exist between each group of bacteria declared resistant and the antibiotic most indicated to destroy it was determined by simple linear regression; the comparison of the prevalences of before and after to that of the year of the occurrence of the pandemic was done by the Chi2 test of independence.

Results: A total of 426 bacterial strains of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria meningitidis and Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 426 patients, divided into 160 strains in 2019, 120 strains in 2020 and 146 in 2021. The prevalence of resistant strains was 70% in 2020, 58.8% in 2019 and 58.9% in 2021, with the highest prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae-specific resistance in 2020 (86.95%). Our study shows that overall resistance to Cefixime, Azythromycin and Erythromycin was statistically related with varying degrees to strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus that became resistant before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, during the year 2020 we identified a strong and statistically significant association between resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains and Cefixime (R= 0.7 ; P-value= 0.0001) and the relationship between resistant Staphylococcus strains and Erythromycin became very strong and statistically significant (R= 0.8; P-value= 0.0001), it could be that the more frequent use of these antibiotics has increased the number of resistant strains. 

Conclusion: The change in symptomatic carriage prevalence of resistant bacterial strains from 2019 to 2021 is statistically related to the year of occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic

Biography:

Rafik Aniba, Team of Biotechnology & Sustainable Development of Natural Resources, Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco. Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco

Abstract:

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the correlation between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation capacity in Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion and liquid microdilution methods. The blaZ and mecA genes were investigated in all penicillin- and cefoxitin-resistant S. haemolyticus isolates by PCR. Biofilm formation was investigated using the Congo red agar and tissue culture plate methods.  All S. haemolyticus isolates were screened for genes encoding adhesion and biofilm formation (atlE, embP, eno, aap, fnb AB, clfA, and bap) and intercellular adhesin (icaADB and icaR).

Results: Among the 21 S. haemolyticus isolates, 85.71% were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant (MRSH). 95% of the strains were biofilm producers, including 43% of moderate biofilm producers and 5% of strong biofilm producers. A significant correlation was observed between the MRSH and MSSH isolates in terms of biofilm production. All strains were sensitive to linezolid and 22.2 % exhibited an inducible clindamycin resistance phenotype.

The effect of antibiotics on the inhibition of biofilm formation is controversial; vancomycin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations promote biofilm formation in most S. haemolyticus isolates. 

The eno gene was present in 76.2% of the S. haemolyticus strains, followed by aap (42.8%), icaD (42.8%), and atlE (23.8%). Meanwhile, 9.5 % of the isolates carried embP and icaA genes.              

Conclusion: This study revealed a significant association between biofilm formation by uropathogenic S. haemolyticus and antibiotic resistance, highlighting a noteworthy public health concern.

Biography:

Mohanad Mahmoud was born in Darfur, Sudan, and is a graduate of Omdurman Islamic University. He obtained an MSc. degree in medical microbiology at Sudan University of Science and Technology. Currently, he is a Ph.D. student at Central South University in China . He has expertise in medical microbiology and a passion for improving health and wellbeing. He has years of experience in evaluation, and teaching  both in hospitals and at Alfashir University in Sudan.

Abstract:

Clostridium symbiosum (P < 0.001, Q = 0.035) and Clostridium citroniae (P = 0.001, Q = 0.060) are recently identified anaerobic bacteria isolated from the gut of patients with sarcopenia both Clostridium symbiosum (P < 0.001, Q = 0.035) and Clostridium citroniae thought to be associated with severity of the disease. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the mechanisms of Clostridium symbiosum (P < 0.001, Q = 0.035) and Clostridium citroniae (P = 0.001, Q = 0.060) in developing sarcopenia. we performed cross sectional study using bioinformatics tools analyzing the whole genome sequence for Clostridium symbiosum (P < 0.001, Q = 0.035) and Clostridium citroniae (P = 0.001, Q = 0.060). The software tRNAscan-SE predicted   tRNA genes. REPuter and manual alignment were used to detect  repeated sequences. Basic Local Alignment (BLAST) used to determine predicted CDSs. The NCBI non-redundant protein database was used to search for the open reading frame. Ribosomal binding sites RBS script used to detect translation start codon. We searched InterProScan for protein families. Comparing their genomes reveals that Clostridium symbiosum and Clostridium citroniae have a similar metabolic pathway. The genome annotations of Clostridium symbiosum (P < 0.001, Q = 0.035) and Clostridium citroniae  (P = 0.001, Q = 0.060) reveal interesting facts on mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and virulence characteristics for both strains and their association with sarcopenia. Clostridium symbiosum and Clostridium citroniae illustrated genes for protein degradation and a lack of genes for short chain fatty acids production. Clostridium symbiosum is involved in quinolinate biosynthesis, whereas Clostridium citroniae is associated with bile salt hydrolysis.

Biography:

Professor Souad Benaouf is Professor in Oral Pathology Oral surgery in department of Oral Patholgy and Oral Surgery in Hospital of Oran Algeria since 2003.She is also a professor attached to th faculty of Medecine of Oran Ahmed Benbella 1

Abstract:

Introduction :The obtainment of oral microbiome starts as of the birth and evolves with time (during one’s life).During a symptomatic celiac disease an intestinal dysbiosis of a microbiome is noticed to be accompanied by a oral dysbiosis caused by a oral manifestations.  Methods and Materials : This study was carried out at Oral Pathology and Orale Surgery at the Hospital of Oran Algeria from June 2014 to December 2018.The level of significance for statistical tests was set at 5%. The results are given with a confidence interval estimated at 95%. Results: On a sample of 108 celiac patients, The sex ratio is 1,04.The existence of black stains on the surface of the teeth is presented in a preponderant manner in the group of celiac patients with an effective of 43 patients being 39,8% of the cases contrary to 22 subject in the control group being 18,6% of the cases. The Chi-square test finds a statistically significant difference with a P = 0,002. Discussion :During a symptomatic celiac illness a dysbiosis of an intestinal microbiome is observed to have a predominant bacteria pro inflammatory and a bacteria gram negative. A small concentration of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium is however noticed. In the oral flora, some dysbiosis were observed especially the appearance of chromogenic bacteria usually absent of the normal oral microbiome (normobiose) also Actinomyces and A.Actinomycetemcomitans are responsible of the appearance of the black stains on the dental surface. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella melaninogenica were not proven to be helpful in the appearance of these stains  Conclusion : The changes in the oral and intestinal microbiome directly on the innate immunity is adaptive because of pathophysiological links that unites