Willy DJONKOUH YAMDEU TCHOUKOUAHA
University of Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameron.
Title: Epidemiology of nasal carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig farmers and their surroundings in the West region of Cameroon.
Biography
Biography: Willy DJONKOUH YAMDEU TCHOUKOUAHA
Abstract
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal germ of the skin and nostrils of humans and animals [1]. The most virulent species of the genus Staphylococcus, it has emerged as one of the most important human pathogens, and has been a leading cause of hospital and community infections in the last decades. To date, studies have not looked at the distribution of MRSA among their families, pigs and non-breeders. In addition, Cameroon has the largest pig population in Central Africa with an average herd of 2,858,548 heads. Cameroonian pig farmers and their surroundings who are in contact with pig farms are at high risk of developing MRSA infections, or of being healthy carriers that are very effective in disseminating this bacterium in their environment. It is therefore very important to assess the epidemiology and risk factors of MRSA within the herder population and their surroundings, in this study we will limit ourselves to the region of West Cameroon.
Objective: The spread of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health problem in hospitals and communities worldwide, in Africa in particular. We carried out a cross-sectional and analytical study to evaluate the epidemiology of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in pig breeders and their neighborhood.
Methodology: Our research was done over a period of 4 months (From 1st January to 15th March then from 1st June to 4th July 2020). A nasal swab was collected from 100 pig breeders, 77 family breeders, 292 pigs and 98 non breeders inhabitants from the Haut-Nkam, HautPlateaux, Nkoung-Khi, Mifi and NDE regions in the West region of Cameroon. Samples were cultured for microbial, biochemical, and susceptibility assays according to AC-FSM (2019).
Results: The prevalences of MRSA were 25%, 12.59%, 10.62% and 4.08% in breeders, family, pigs and non breeders respectively. Our findings on risk factors showed that pigbreeder promiscuity (OR=1207,35; P=0.01), pig carriage of MRSA (OR=20.17; P=0.00), nonbreeders living near the farm (OR=10.7; P=0.02), pigs from Koung-Khi (OR=6.3; P=0.0031) and antibiotics consumption (OR=1.34; P=0.0001) were statistically significant and associated to MRSA carriage. Interestingly, wearing protective clothing (OR=0.37; P=0.00), boots (OR=
0.36; P=0.006), gloves (OR= 0.34; P=0.0001) or nose patch (OR= 0.33; P=0.00) was a statistically significant protective factor against MRSA carriage. Our findings also showed that fusidic acid was more resistant to MRSA strains from pigs and non-breeders (51.5%; 75% respectively), and ofloxacin was the most potent antibiotic against MRSA strains in breeders and their family (18.5%; 20% respectively).
Conclusion: Our study showed a high prevalence of MRSA within West regions and the existence of MRSA transmission dynamic amongst pigs, breeders and their neighborhood. Further genetic and molecular study are required to elucidate the diversity in MRSA strains and mechanisms of spread.