Track 1: Microbiome

A microbiota is an "ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in and on all multicellular organisms studied to date from plants to animals. A microbiota includes bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi and viruses. Microbiota have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal and metabolic homeostasis of their host.

The human microbiome may play a role in the activation of toll-like receptors in the intestines, a type of pattern recognition receptor host cells use to recognize dangers and repair damage. Pathogens can influence this coexistence leading to immune dysregulation including and susceptibility to diseases, mechanisms of inflammation, immune tolerance, and autoimmune diseases.

Track 2: Human Microbiota

The human microbiome refers specifically to the collective genomes of resident microorganisms. The skin and mucous membranes always harbor a variety of microorganisms that can be arranged into two groups: (1) the resident microbiota consists of relatively fixed types of microorganisms regularly found in a given area at a given age; if disturbed, it promptly reestablishes itself; and (2) the transient microbiota consists of nonpathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit the skin or mucous membranes for hours, days, or weeks. The transient microbiota is derived from the environment, does not produce disease.

TRACK 5: SIBO

Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), also termed bacterial overgrowths, or small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SBBOS), is a disorder of excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine. Patients with bacterial overgrowth that is longstanding can develop complications of their illness as a result of malabsorption of nutrients. Anemia may occur from a variety of mechanisms, as many of the nutrients involved in production of red blood cells are absorbed in the affected small bowel. Probiotics are bacterial preparations that alter the bacterial flora in the bowel to cause a beneficial effect. Animal research has demonstrated that probiotics have barrier enhancing, antibacterial, immune modulating and anti-inflammatory effects which may have a positive effect in the management of SIBO in humans. 

Track 6: Host-Microbe Biology (HMB)

Host-Microbe interactions are the collaborations occurring between a pathogen (e.g. infection, microscopic organisms) and their host (e.g. people, plants). The host-pathogen interface presents intriguing cell changes perceptible under electron microscope - occurrence to the pathogens for upgraded harmfulness, including arrangement of surface "invasosomal" periplasmic organelles and exocytosis of bacterial external film vesicles by gram-negative pathogens. Host cell cytoskeletal reorganizational changes e.g., unsettle development, adjusted phagocytosis; and so on additionally occur as a prelude to microbial attack.

Host-Microbe Biology includes

• Genetic and Physiological Adaptation to the Host
• Host Response to Microbes
• Cellular/Molecular Host-Microbe Interactions
• Invasion and Survival in Host Cells
• Manipulations of Host Functions by Microbes
• Microbe-Plant Interactions
• Microbiome-Host Interactions
• Phage-Host Interactions
• Sepsis and Inflammation
• Surface Structures of Pathogenic Microbes
• Toxins and Secreted Factors
• Virulence Regulatory Mechanisms
• Virus-Host Interactions
• Microbial Metabolism and Host Association
• Anti-pathogen Strategies

Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology) is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment. It concerns the three major domains of life—Eukaryota,  Archaea, and Bacteria—as well as viruses. Microorganisms are the backbone of all ecosystems, but even more so in the zones where photosynthesis is unable to take place because of the absence of light. In such zones, chemosynthetic microbes provide energy and carbon to the other organisms. 

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) occupy the rhizosphere of many plant species and have beneficial effects on the host plant. They may influence the plant in a direct or indirect manner. A direct mechanism would be to increase plant growth by supplying the plant with nutrients and hormones; Indirect mechanisms on the otherhand, include, reduced susceptibility to diseases, and activating a form of defense referred to as induced systematic resistance. Soil microorganisms are the most abundant of all the biota in soil and responsible for driving nutrient and organic matter cycling, soil fertility, soil restoration, plant health and ecosystem primary production. Beneficial microorganisms include those that create symbiotic associations with plant roots like rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, actinomycetes, diazotrophic bacteria, promote nutrient mineralization and availability, produce plant growth hormones, and are antagonists of plant pests, parasites or diseases. Many of these organisms are already naturally present in the soil, although in some situations it may be beneficial to increase their populations by either inoculation or by applying various agricultural management techniques that enhance their abundance and activity.

 

MARKET ANALYSIS:

According to the report, global human microbiome market was valued at approximately USD 721.63 million in 2017 and is expected to generate revenue of around USD 1,365.49 million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of around 9.40% between 2018 and 2024.

Probiotics Market is expected to garner $57.4 billion by 2022, registering a CAGR of 7.7% during the forecast period 2016-2022. Probiotics are microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeast that benefit humans and animals by maintaining intestinal microbial balance.

The Global Biostimulant Market was valued at $1,784 million in 2016, and is projected to reach $4,089 million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 12.6% from 2017 to 2023. Biostimulants are biologically produced fertilizers that are used to stimulate plant development and productivity, in addition to the nourishment of agrarian products.

• International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS)
• International Society for Antiviral Research (ISAR)
• International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME)
• International Society for NeuroVirology (ISNV)
• International Society of Chemotherapy Infection and Cancer (ISC)
• Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS)
• European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID)
• European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
• European Mycological Association
• European Society for Clinical Virology (ESCV)
• European Meningococcal Disease Society (EMGM)
• Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie (PEG)
• Belgian Society for Microbiology
• Belgian Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SBIMC-BVIKM)
• Danmarks Mikrobiologiske Selskab (Danish Microbiological Society)
• Danish Infectious Disease Society
• Danish Society for Clinical Microbiology
• Societas Biochemica, Biophysica et Microbiologica Fenniae
• Finnish Society for the Study of Infectious Diseases
• Societe Francaise de Microbiologie (French Society for Microbiology, SFM)