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5th International Conference on Microbiome, Probiotics & Gut Nutrition, will be organized around the theme “”
Microbiome 2021 is comprised of 13 tracks and 0 sessions designed to offer comprehensive sessions that address current issues in Microbiome 2021.
Submit your abstract to any of the mentioned tracks. All related abstracts are accepted.
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A microbiota is an "ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in and on all multicellular organisms studied to date from plants to animals. A microbiota includes bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi and viruses. Microbiota have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal and metabolic homeostasis of their host.
The human microbiome may play a role in the activation of toll-like receptors in the intestines, a type of pattern recognition receptor host cells use to recognize dangers and repair damage. Pathogens can influence this coexistence leading to immune dysregulation including and susceptibility to diseases, mechanisms of inflammation, immune tolerance, and autoimmune diseases.
The human microbiome refers specifically to the collective genomes of resident microorganisms. The skin and mucous membranes always harbor a variety of microorganisms that can be arranged into two groups: (1) the resident microbiota consists of relatively fixed types of microorganisms regularly found in a given area at a given age; if disturbed, it promptly reestablishes itself; and (2) the transient microbiota consists of nonpathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit the skin or mucous membranes for hours, days, or weeks. The transient microbiota is derived from the environment, does not produce disease.
Prebiotics and probiotics both support the body in building and maintaining a healthy colony of bacteria and other microorganisms, which supports the gut and aids digestion. These food components help promote beneficial bacteria by providing food and creating an environment where microorganisms can flourish. Prebiotics are present in fiber-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Probiotics occur in many fermented foods, including yogurt, sauerkraut, and tempeh.
Gut flora, or gut microbiota, or gastrointestinal microbiota, is the complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans and animals, including insects. The gut metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of gut microbiota. The relationship between some gut flora and humans is not merely commensal (a non-harmful coexistence), but rather a mutualistic relationship. An enterotype is a classification of living organisms based on its bacteriological ecosystem in the human gut microbiome. The gut microbiota plays a key role in digestion, metabolism and immune function, and has a widespread impact beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in the biodiversity of the gut microbiota are associated with far-reaching consequences on host health and development. Diet, functional foods, and gut microbiota transplantation are areas that have yielded some therapeutic success in modulating the gut microbiota and warrant further investigation of their effects on various disease states.
Firmicutes
Bacteroidetes
Actinobacteria
Proteobacteria
Host-Microbe interactions are the collaborations occurring between a pathogen (e.g. infection, microscopic organisms) and their host (e.g. people, plants). The host-pathogen interface presents intriguing cell changes perceptible under electron microscope - occurrence to the pathogens for upgraded harmfulness, including arrangement of surface "invasosomal" periplasmic organelles and exocytosis of bacterial external film vesicles by gram-negative pathogens. Host cell cytoskeletal reorganizational changes e.g., unsettle development, adjusted phagocytosis; and so on additionally occur as a prelude to microbial attack.
- Genetic and Physiological Adaptation to the Host
- Host Response to Microbes
- Cellular/Molecular Host-Microbe Interactions
- Invasion and Survival in Host Cells
- Manipulations of Host Functions by Microbes
- Microbe-Plant Interactions
- Microbiome-Host Interactions
- Phage-Host Interactions
- Sepsis and Inflammation
- Surface Structures of Pathogenic Microbes
- Toxins and Secreted Factors
- Virulence Regulatory Mechanisms
- Virus-Host Interactions
- Microbial Metabolism and Host Association
- Anti-pathogen Strategies
Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology) is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment. It concerns the three major domains of life—Eukaryota, Archaea, and Bacteria—as well as viruses. Microorganisms are the backbone of all ecosystems, but even more so in the zones where photosynthesis is unable to take place because of the absence of light. In such zones, chemosynthetic microbes provide energy and carbon to the other organisms.
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) occupy the rhizosphere of many plant species and have beneficial effects on the host plant. They may influence the plant in a direct or indirect manner. A direct mechanism would be to increase plant growth by supplying the plant with nutrients and hormones; Indirect mechanisms on the otherhand, include, reduced susceptibility to diseases, and activating a form of defense referred to as induced systematic resistance. Soil microorganisms are the most abundant of all the biota in soil and responsible for driving nutrient and organic matter cycling, soil fertility, soil restoration, plant health and ecosystem primary production. Beneficial microorganisms include those that create symbiotic associations with plant roots like rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, actinomycetes, diazotrophic bacteria, promote nutrient mineralization and availability, produce plant growth hormones, and are antagonists of plant pests, parasites or diseases. Many of these organisms are already naturally present in the soil, although in some situations it may be beneficial to increase their populations by either inoculation or by applying various agricultural management techniques that enhance their abundance and activity.
There are two ways by which a baby can come into this world: vaginally or by Cesarean delivery. The vast majority of our critical gut microbiome bacteria from our mothers during birth and breastfeeding. The method of delivery impacts the baby’s microbiome, with vaginal delivery (VD) having a strong, beneficial effect and cesarean delivery (CD) reducing the number and diversity of beneficial bacteria. Cesarean delivery poses a health risk for newborns by way of changes in the gut microbiota there microbial species or genera that are uniformly present in all vaginally delivered infants and uniformly absent in all Cesareanâ€born. The infant’s gut microbiome is of critical importance since its bacteria build and strengthen baby’s immune system. The microbiomes of babies born via vaginal delivery (VD) and via cesarean delivery (CD) are different, due to the different microbiomes they are receiving from their mother and their physical environment, during a vaginal birth, the baby receives maternal vaginal, intestinal and fecal bacteria present in the birth canal; these bacteria are augmented with bacteria from mother’s skin, oral and breast milk microbiomes through holding, kissing and breastfeeding. Scientists speculate this may account for the increased long-term risk and incidence of chronic, non-communicable diseases (including allergies, asthma, obesity and autoimmune diseases) among babies born via cesarean section.
"Biostimulants," often used in plural form, is a broad term that literally means a group of ingredients that stimulate life. Stimulate plant responses and work In all weather conditions, Increase microbial root protection from soil pathogens, Increase natural plant toxins, repelling pests, Improve drought tolerance, Stimulate plants' immune system, Detoxify chemical residues and heavy metals, Enhances fertilization and reduces leaching, Produce deeper roots, Improve stress tolerance, Accelerate establishment, Increase soil nutrient reserve, Increase profits, cut operating costs, lead to 50% reduction in fertilizer.
The collection of microbes living in and on our body - have a significant impact on human health and well-being. They have been associated with numerous diseases, yet we have barely understood their role in the context of lifestyle and genetics. Various initiatives are underway around the world to survey the human microbiota at several body sites, characterize them, understand their interactions with the human hosts, elucidate their role in diseases, and design possible therapeutic or dietary interventions.
Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. Understanding the factors that underlie changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota will aid in the design of therapies that target it. This goal is formidable. The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time — especially during disease and early development. Viewing the microbiota from an ecological perspective could provide insight into how to promote health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments.
The gut metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays a key role in digestion, metabolism and immune function, and has a widespread impact beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in the biodiversity of the gut microbiota are associated with far-reaching consequences on host health and development. Diet, functional foods, and gut microbiota transplantation are areas that have yielded some therapeutic success in modulating the gut microbiota and warrant further investigation of their effects on various disease states.
Pharmacogenomics can play an important role in identifying responders and non-responders to medications, avoiding adverse events, and optimizing drug dose. Genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors, and other drug targets have been linked to interindividual differences in the efficacy and toxicity of many medications. Pharmacogenomic studies are rapidly elucidating the inherited nature of these differences in drug disposition and effects, thereby enhancing drug discovery and providing a stronger scientific basis for optimizing drug therapy on the basis of each patient's genetic constitution.